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Site Layout, Fencing, and Lighting

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Summary

PDF p.207

Physical security through environmental design enhances security and prevents crime by using the built environment. This approach includes barricades, fencing, lighting, and bollards to control access, deter intrusions, and promote safety.

In plain words

Supplementary — not from your PDF

Environmental design uses the building and grounds to deter and channel people. Barricades and bollards stop vehicles and force people through controlled entry points. Fencing protects the exterior. Good lighting removes hiding places and helps cameras. Sensitive areas go deep inside the building, away from outer walls and windows, and screens face away from windows.

Detailed explanation

PDF p.207
  • Physical Security Through Environmental Design
    • Definition: Uses the built environment to enhance security and prevent crime.
    • Settings: Residential neighborhoods, commercial districts, schools, public spaces.
    • Benefits: Enhances security, deters criminal activity, promotes safety, cost-effective.
  • Barricades and Entry/Exit Points
    • Definition: Prevent access and channel people through defined points.
    • Authentication Mechanisms: Ensure only authorized persons are allowed through.
    • Surveillance: Detect attempts to penetrate barricades.
    • Examples: Bollards and security posts to prevent vehicle attacks.
  • Fencing
    • Purpose: Protect the exterior of a building.
    • Characteristics: Transparent, robust, secure against climbing.
    • Drawback: Can give an intimidating appearance.
    • Alternative Methods: Discreet security for customer-facing buildings.
  • Lighting
    • Importance: Enhances perception of safety and security at night.
    • Design Considerations: Overall light levels, specific surfaces, avoid shadows and glare.
    • Benefits: Deterrent to intrusion, aids surveillance.
  • Bollards
    • Definition: Short vertical posts made of durable materials.
    • Types: Fixed, retractable, remotely controlled.
    • Purposes: Protect pedestrians, prevent unauthorized vehicle access, secure infrastructure.
    • Applications: Government buildings, airports, stadiums, store entrances.
  • Existing Structures
    • Adjustments: Incorporate security principles within cost constraints.
    • Secure Zones: Locate deep within buildings, avoid external walls/doors/windows.
    • Public Access Areas: Use demilitarized zone design, visible security mechanisms.
    • Signage and Warnings: Enforce controlled security.
    • Discreet Entry Points: Avoid inspection of security mechanisms.
    • Traffic Flow: Minimize movement between zones.
    • High-Visibility Areas: Hinder covert use of gateways, simplify surveillance.
    • Secure Zones: Position screens/input devices away from pathways/windows, use one-way glass.

Important terms

taken from the text above
Physical Security Through Environmental Design
Uses the built environment to enhance security and prevent crime.
Settings
Residential neighborhoods, commercial districts, schools, public spaces.
Barricades and Entry/Exit Points
Prevent access and channel people through defined points.
Authentication Mechanisms
Ensure only authorized persons are allowed through.
Surveillance
Detect attempts to penetrate barricades.
Drawback
Can give an intimidating appearance.
Alternative Methods
Discreet security for customer-facing buildings.
Design Considerations
Overall light levels, specific surfaces, avoid shadows and glare.
Bollards
Short vertical posts made of durable materials.
Purposes
Protect pedestrians, prevent unauthorized vehicle access, secure infrastructure.
Adjustments
Incorporate security principles within cost constraints.
Secure Zones
Locate deep within buildings, avoid external walls/doors/windows.
Public Access Areas
Use demilitarized zone design, visible security mechanisms.
Signage and Warnings
Enforce controlled security.
Discreet Entry Points
Avoid inspection of security mechanisms.
Traffic Flow
Minimize movement between zones.
High-Visibility Areas
Hinder covert use of gateways, simplify surveillance.

Examples & real-world scenarios

Supplementary — not from your PDF
  • Bollards in front of a building entrance.
  • Bright, even lighting in a car park without deep shadows.
  • A server room in the building's core with no external windows.

Scenario

An office's reception desk sits by a large window with screens visible from the street. Moving the screens away from the window, or using one-way glass, reduces shoulder-surfing from outside.

Common mistakes

Supplementary — not from your PDF
  • Putting the most secure room on an external wall.
  • Lighting that creates glare or shadows, which can help intruders.

Practical skills

Supplementary — not from your PDF
  • Review a site plan for weak spots in layout, fencing and lighting.

What I should remember

Key Points PDF p.207
  • Environmental Design
    • Enhance Security: Built environment.
    • Settings: Various public and private spaces.
    • Benefits: Security, deterrence, safety, cost-effective.
  • Barricades and Entry/Exit Points
    • Prevent Access: Channel through points.
    • Authentication: Authorized persons only.
    • Surveillance: Detect penetration attempts.
    • Examples: Bollards, security posts.
  • Fencing
    • Protect Exterior: Transparent, robust, secure.
    • Drawback: Intimidating appearance.
    • Alternatives: Discreet methods.
  • Lighting
    • Safety and Security: Nighttime perception.
    • Design: Light levels, surfaces, avoid shadows/glare.
    • Benefits: Deterrent, aids surveillance.
  • Bollards
    • Durable Posts: Fixed, retractable.
    • Purposes: Pedestrian protection, vehicle access prevention.
    • Applications: Various public spaces.
  • Existing Structures
    • Security Adjustments: Within cost constraints.
    • Secure Zones: Deep within buildings.
    • Public Areas: Demilitarized design, visible security.
    • Signage: Enforce security.
    • Discreet Entry: Avoid inspection.
    • Traffic Flow: Minimize between zones.
    • High-Visibility: Hinder covert use, simplify surveillance.
    • Secure Zones: Position screens/input devices strategically.